Administrative controls use systems of work to reduce risk by providing a framework of expected behaviours. Examples are rotation of staff to reduce exposure to a hazard, or a documented safe system of work, such as lockout tagout. These types of controls rely on extensive instruction, information, training and supervision.

A guard can perform several functions including: • denying bodily access • containing ejected parts, tools, off-cuts or swath • preventing emissions escaping • forming part of a safe working platform. Guarding is commonly used with machinery and equipment to prevent access to: • rotating end drums of belt conveyors

Lower order machinery and equipment risk controls, such as personal protective equipment (PPE), can prevent injuries, but are generally not as effective as higher order controls, as they rely more on worker behaviour, maintenance programs and supervision.

Accidental start-up, or movement of a machine mechanism, can occur: • if control levers or buttons are bumped or knocked • if a short circuit of the control system occurs • when hydraulic or air pressure is released • when undoing retaining bolts. The word machine is derived from the

People who install or dismantle machinery and equipment could: • work in isolation • work on machinery and equipment at height, or over machinery and equipment to connect services, such as electricity, air or water • work in low light, or with bright directional light • access machinery and equipment

Workplace managers may not have considered or recognised the need to provide similar means to gain safe access to parts of machinery and equipment at height, or in awkward locations for maintenance, repair, service or cleaning activities. Safe access at height can be broken into three categories. Each category has

Workplace managers may not have considered or recognised the need to provide similar means to gain safe access to parts of machinery and equipment at height, or in awkward locations for maintenance, repair, service or cleaning activities. Safe access at height can be broken into three categories. Each category has

A stable work platform, suited to the nature of the work that allows for good posture relative to the work performed, sure footing, safe environment and fall prevention (if a fall may occur), is a basic requirement. For example, cooling towers on building roofs may have poor access, yet must

Simultaneous two-handed operation. Where a machine has only one operator, the use of simultaneous two-handed operation buttons can serve as a risk control. This ensures that operation of the hazardous mechanism cannot occur until both hands are clear of the danger area.

Note: Safe work practices must take into account the risk of trapping an operator between the EWP and a fixed structure (e.g. overhead beams, electrical cables, pipes).

Machines are usually powered by the mechanical, chemical, thermal, or electrical means, and are often motorized. In the modern era, the advents of electronic technology have converted a machine into a form of non-movable development power tool.

Equipment has a wider definition, which basically refers to things needed for a certain task. They act as a set of facilities used in the mechanical works or any other works. The equipment can also be said to be a set of tools used by a human being for a